Pradhan mantri sichayi yojna covers under it AIBP, IWM and National mission on sustainable agriculture. Now this years budget has allocated a higher share to irrigation. Only 40% area irrigated, even there only 60% of this 40 is underground water irrigation through highly subsidised electricity provided to farmers.
The NDA government has launched the Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayi Yojana tries to replace the fragmented approach with an integrated approach aiming at convergence of investments in irrigation. This scheme has amalgamated three ongoing programmes of three different ministries as follows: Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Programme of the Ministry of Water Resources Integrated Watershed Management Programme of the Ministry of Rural Development Farm water management component of the National Mission on Sustainable Agriculture. Thus, with the launch of this scheme, it is believed that various ministries, departments, agencies, financial institutions engaged in creation, use and recycling of water will be brought under one platform to take into account the entire water-cycle and does proper water budgeting for all sectors such as households, agriculture and industries.
Objectives The broad objectives of PMKSY are as follows:
1.Converge investments in irrigation at the farm level and provide end-to-end solution
2.Har Khet ko Pani: Enhance the physical access of water on the farm and expand cultivable area under assured irrigation Integration of source, distribution, efficient use of water through appropriate technology and practice Enhance adoption of precision-irrigation and other water saving technologies under
3.More Crop Per Drop. Promotion of micro-irrigation in the form of drips, sprinklers, pivots, rain-guns in the farm (Jal Sinchan)
4.Enhance recharge of aquifers; promote sustainable water conservation Ensure integrated development of Rainfed areas Water harvesting, water management and crop alignment, explore feasibility of reusing treated municipal waste water for peri-urban agriculture and attarct greater private investments in irrigation.
The PMSKY works on Project mode. The planning and execution is decentralized. The cornerstone of planning and implementation of PMKSY are District Irrigation Plans (DIPs). This DIP will identify the gaps in irrigation infrastructure of a district. A DIP can be prepared on two levels viz. Block and District. The DIPs will be vetted by the Governing body of Zila Panchayat and subsequently be incorporated in the State Irrigation Plan (SIP). Thus, an SIP is a consolidation of DIPs and it also takes into consideration the State Agricultural Plans created under the Rastriya Krishi Vikas Yojana.
Nabard has been allowed to issue tax free bonds and collect money from the market for irrigation projects. CWC also has been asked to ensure that the projects already completed under AIBP are running at their full capacity.
Suggestions were made to link MGNREGA with PKSY so that rural employment as well as irrigation could be linked.
Drought management
i. The primary responsibility of managing drought (or any other natural calamity) is that of the respective State Government. The criteria followed for drought declaration and the time when the drought is declared differs across the states. There is no time limit for declaration of drought by the States.
ii.Involvement of various Ministries/Departments/Organisations in one or the other shortterm or long term activities of drought management results in delay in effective and timely coordination. The indicators used and the methodology followed for drought intensity assessment and drought monitoring differ largely from state to state.
iii. Slow setting in of drought makes it difficult to determine the onset and end of drought.
Lack of community participation in drought management activities at the village/Tehsil level, and the low levels of involvement of Self Help Groups, NGOs and the corporate sector in drought management reduces the overall value of the effort.
Inefficient functioning of Drought monitoring committees at state level
At the National level, droughts are monitored by various agencies such as rainfall and aridity anomaly by the IMD, reservoir storage position by the Central Water Commission (CWC). At State-level Departments like Agriculture, Irrigation, Economics and Statistics monitor crop and seasonal conditions
It is possible that parts of districts which are declared as drought affected may not be facing drought. As a result some States use Bolcks/Tehsils as unit for declaring drought. Some States such as Rajasthan have used village as unit for declaring drought. This may lead to problems in implementation of drought relief measures vis-a vis neighbouring villages. There is therefore a need to standardise State specific units for declaration of drought to exclude areas not affected by drought and at the same time enable effective targeted relief measures. Unit of deceleration of drought should be standardised and alternative methods of quicker assessment of crop yield need to be evolved so as to mitigate the impact of drought in time.
Efforts will be made to integrate the ground-based information with the space-based information for comprehensive reporting. The role of all departments engaged in drought management will be clearly spelt out.
DMC will facilitate the integration of data and expertise from multiple institutions such as ICAR, NRSC, IMD, Agricultural Universities, State Departments of Irrigation, Ground Water, Revenue, Agriculture etc., to evolve a robust method for drought intensity assessment on the lines of US Drought Monitor. Once the indicators cross the defined threshold level (level to be decided by the state), the SDMA Secretariat will help in declaring drought at sub-district levels.
It is necessary to take up more experiments in the country to assess the aerosol characteristics, suitability of nuclides for cloud seeding and alternative types of cloud seeding – (ground based or aerial, warm or cold cloud seeding etc). A cloud seeding policy needs to be formulated at National level and State level for creating required environment to regulate these measures.
Impact Analysis In the industrial sector, agro-based industries are directly affected. Lower domestic production of agriculture based inputs for agroprocessing units reduces non-agricultural production and employment opportunities. Availability of water for domestic consumption also diminishes. This has implications for health and household activities, including substantial increase in the time spent on collecting water. As water becomes scarce, competition among and within sectors usually increases. Droughts have other important implications for government policies, as it reduces tax revenues through declines in income, employment and exports. On the expenditure side, the government is faced with increased expenditure on relief, social welfare, health and water supplies, consumption-related subsidies on food distribution, and the logistical costs of droughtrelated imports. The law and order structure is put under greater pressure by a rise in crime, in turn associated with temporary unemployment, migration and increased destitution. In addition, there are likely to be pressures for the increased provision of subsidies and credit to the affected productive sectors,
4.3.8 Afforestation with Bio-diesel species
"Kashmir has been handled by the NCMC, which has held daily meetings," said an official. "The NEC (national executive committee) has met only once. With the NDMA and the NEC out of the equation, the NDRF, which is answerable to the NDMA, is being run by the home ministry." The official adds the fact that multiple agencies perform similar roles delays the response to a disaster. "Decisions are delayed when more hands touch a file. This happens between the home secretary and the NDMA secretary. They duplicate each other's roles. In an ideal situation, one should be made secretary for disaster management, with complete responsibility and powers."
Though Jammu & Kashmir has a disaster management agency, it has little capacity to interpret data. According to news reports, days before Srinagar was inundated, Central Water Commission data indicated rising water levels in the Jhelum river; yet, this didn't trigger a flood warning.
"The problem is neither states nor the Centre have a robust decision-support system," said an NDMA official. "If the meteorological department indicates heavy rainfall, what are the implications? Who should we evacuate, and from where to where?"
"We need to move from simple forecasting to impact forecasting," said Anand Sharma, director of India Meteorological Department, Dehradun, "Also, we must ensure information flows faster than the floodwater. In such situations, the communication system is the first to collapse."
The NEC includes the secretary to the GoI of the ministry or department having 13 Institutional Framework and Financial Arrangements administrative control of DM, as well as the chairperson and secretaries to the GoI in the Ministries/Departments of Agriculture, Atomic Energy, Defence, Drinking Water Supply, Environment and Forests, Finance (Expenditure), Health, Power, Rural Development, Science and Technology, Space, Communications, Urban Development, Water Resources, and the Chief of the Integrated Defence Staff of the Chiefs of Staff Committee as members.
The NEC is the executive committee of the NDMA and is mandated to assist the NDMA in the discharge of its functions and also ensure compliance of the directions issued by the Central Government. The NEC is to coordinate the response in the event of any threatening disaster situation or disaster. The NEC will prepare the National Plan based on the National Policy on DM. The NEC will monitor the implementation of Guidelines issued by NDMA. It will also perform such other functions as may be prescribed by the Central Government in consultation with the NDMA.
The 2 nd Administrative Reforms Commission has recommended setting up of a National Drought Management Institute. The Government has accepted the recommendations and the DAC is considering setting up of IDMC. This Centre will be set up as an autonomous body under the DAC, which will initiate plans for its establishment. IDMC will have adequate operational flexibility and freedom in operation and functioning to enable innovative and creative experimentation. It will have on-line access to the data/information/reports of IMD, CWC, CGWB, MoA, MoES, ICAR, NRSA and DMC of State Governments. IDMC will help in selecting appropriate drought mitigation and preparedness measures and methodologies.
The NDA government has launched the Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayi Yojana tries to replace the fragmented approach with an integrated approach aiming at convergence of investments in irrigation. This scheme has amalgamated three ongoing programmes of three different ministries as follows: Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Programme of the Ministry of Water Resources Integrated Watershed Management Programme of the Ministry of Rural Development Farm water management component of the National Mission on Sustainable Agriculture. Thus, with the launch of this scheme, it is believed that various ministries, departments, agencies, financial institutions engaged in creation, use and recycling of water will be brought under one platform to take into account the entire water-cycle and does proper water budgeting for all sectors such as households, agriculture and industries.
Objectives The broad objectives of PMKSY are as follows:
1.Converge investments in irrigation at the farm level and provide end-to-end solution
2.Har Khet ko Pani: Enhance the physical access of water on the farm and expand cultivable area under assured irrigation Integration of source, distribution, efficient use of water through appropriate technology and practice Enhance adoption of precision-irrigation and other water saving technologies under
3.More Crop Per Drop. Promotion of micro-irrigation in the form of drips, sprinklers, pivots, rain-guns in the farm (Jal Sinchan)
4.Enhance recharge of aquifers; promote sustainable water conservation Ensure integrated development of Rainfed areas Water harvesting, water management and crop alignment, explore feasibility of reusing treated municipal waste water for peri-urban agriculture and attarct greater private investments in irrigation.
The PMSKY works on Project mode. The planning and execution is decentralized. The cornerstone of planning and implementation of PMKSY are District Irrigation Plans (DIPs). This DIP will identify the gaps in irrigation infrastructure of a district. A DIP can be prepared on two levels viz. Block and District. The DIPs will be vetted by the Governing body of Zila Panchayat and subsequently be incorporated in the State Irrigation Plan (SIP). Thus, an SIP is a consolidation of DIPs and it also takes into consideration the State Agricultural Plans created under the Rastriya Krishi Vikas Yojana.
Nabard has been allowed to issue tax free bonds and collect money from the market for irrigation projects. CWC also has been asked to ensure that the projects already completed under AIBP are running at their full capacity.
Suggestions were made to link MGNREGA with PKSY so that rural employment as well as irrigation could be linked.
Drought management
i. The primary responsibility of managing drought (or any other natural calamity) is that of the respective State Government. The criteria followed for drought declaration and the time when the drought is declared differs across the states. There is no time limit for declaration of drought by the States.
ii.Involvement of various Ministries/Departments/Organisations in one or the other shortterm or long term activities of drought management results in delay in effective and timely coordination. The indicators used and the methodology followed for drought intensity assessment and drought monitoring differ largely from state to state.
iii. Slow setting in of drought makes it difficult to determine the onset and end of drought.
Lack of community participation in drought management activities at the village/Tehsil level, and the low levels of involvement of Self Help Groups, NGOs and the corporate sector in drought management reduces the overall value of the effort.
Inefficient functioning of Drought monitoring committees at state level
At the National level, droughts are monitored by various agencies such as rainfall and aridity anomaly by the IMD, reservoir storage position by the Central Water Commission (CWC). At State-level Departments like Agriculture, Irrigation, Economics and Statistics monitor crop and seasonal conditions
It is possible that parts of districts which are declared as drought affected may not be facing drought. As a result some States use Bolcks/Tehsils as unit for declaring drought. Some States such as Rajasthan have used village as unit for declaring drought. This may lead to problems in implementation of drought relief measures vis-a vis neighbouring villages. There is therefore a need to standardise State specific units for declaration of drought to exclude areas not affected by drought and at the same time enable effective targeted relief measures. Unit of deceleration of drought should be standardised and alternative methods of quicker assessment of crop yield need to be evolved so as to mitigate the impact of drought in time.
Efforts will be made to integrate the ground-based information with the space-based information for comprehensive reporting. The role of all departments engaged in drought management will be clearly spelt out.
DMC will facilitate the integration of data and expertise from multiple institutions such as ICAR, NRSC, IMD, Agricultural Universities, State Departments of Irrigation, Ground Water, Revenue, Agriculture etc., to evolve a robust method for drought intensity assessment on the lines of US Drought Monitor. Once the indicators cross the defined threshold level (level to be decided by the state), the SDMA Secretariat will help in declaring drought at sub-district levels.
It is necessary to take up more experiments in the country to assess the aerosol characteristics, suitability of nuclides for cloud seeding and alternative types of cloud seeding – (ground based or aerial, warm or cold cloud seeding etc). A cloud seeding policy needs to be formulated at National level and State level for creating required environment to regulate these measures.
Impact Analysis In the industrial sector, agro-based industries are directly affected. Lower domestic production of agriculture based inputs for agroprocessing units reduces non-agricultural production and employment opportunities. Availability of water for domestic consumption also diminishes. This has implications for health and household activities, including substantial increase in the time spent on collecting water. As water becomes scarce, competition among and within sectors usually increases. Droughts have other important implications for government policies, as it reduces tax revenues through declines in income, employment and exports. On the expenditure side, the government is faced with increased expenditure on relief, social welfare, health and water supplies, consumption-related subsidies on food distribution, and the logistical costs of droughtrelated imports. The law and order structure is put under greater pressure by a rise in crime, in turn associated with temporary unemployment, migration and increased destitution. In addition, there are likely to be pressures for the increased provision of subsidies and credit to the affected productive sectors,
4.3.8 Afforestation with Bio-diesel species
"Kashmir has been handled by the NCMC, which has held daily meetings," said an official. "The NEC (national executive committee) has met only once. With the NDMA and the NEC out of the equation, the NDRF, which is answerable to the NDMA, is being run by the home ministry." The official adds the fact that multiple agencies perform similar roles delays the response to a disaster. "Decisions are delayed when more hands touch a file. This happens between the home secretary and the NDMA secretary. They duplicate each other's roles. In an ideal situation, one should be made secretary for disaster management, with complete responsibility and powers."
Though Jammu & Kashmir has a disaster management agency, it has little capacity to interpret data. According to news reports, days before Srinagar was inundated, Central Water Commission data indicated rising water levels in the Jhelum river; yet, this didn't trigger a flood warning.
"The problem is neither states nor the Centre have a robust decision-support system," said an NDMA official. "If the meteorological department indicates heavy rainfall, what are the implications? Who should we evacuate, and from where to where?"
"We need to move from simple forecasting to impact forecasting," said Anand Sharma, director of India Meteorological Department, Dehradun, "Also, we must ensure information flows faster than the floodwater. In such situations, the communication system is the first to collapse."
- Either home secretary or NDMA secretary should be given the entire responsibility to manage a disaster. This will reduce response time
- NDMA should be empowered to give directions to a state to comply with its guidelines
- Fire and civil defence authorities should be brought under NDMA
- NDMA clearance should be taken before construction in flood-prone and earthquake-prone areas
- National Disaster Mitigation Fund should be created
- National Plan for Disaster Management had not been formulated even after six years of the enactment of the Disaster Management Act, 2005
- National Executive Committee responsible for preparation of the National Plan had not met between May 2008 and December 2012, although the country faced many disasters during this period
- The national guidelines developed by NDMA were not adopted and applied by the nodal agencies and state governments. NDMA did not take effective measures to ensure the application of its guidelines
- NDMA's project management capacity was found deficient. No major project taken up by NDMA had seen completion so far. Due to deficient planning, either the projects were abandoned midway or were still incomplete
- In many cases, audit report found projects with similar objectives being executed by NDMA and also by nodal ministries, indicating lack of coordination
in the image here NDMA is both under MHA secretary and NDMA secrecretary-- violation of unity of command and delay and overlapping and confusion --an anthema in disaster management
The NEC includes the secretary to the GoI of the ministry or department having 13 Institutional Framework and Financial Arrangements administrative control of DM, as well as the chairperson and secretaries to the GoI in the Ministries/Departments of Agriculture, Atomic Energy, Defence, Drinking Water Supply, Environment and Forests, Finance (Expenditure), Health, Power, Rural Development, Science and Technology, Space, Communications, Urban Development, Water Resources, and the Chief of the Integrated Defence Staff of the Chiefs of Staff Committee as members.
The NEC is the executive committee of the NDMA and is mandated to assist the NDMA in the discharge of its functions and also ensure compliance of the directions issued by the Central Government. The NEC is to coordinate the response in the event of any threatening disaster situation or disaster. The NEC will prepare the National Plan based on the National Policy on DM. The NEC will monitor the implementation of Guidelines issued by NDMA. It will also perform such other functions as may be prescribed by the Central Government in consultation with the NDMA.
The 2 nd Administrative Reforms Commission has recommended setting up of a National Drought Management Institute. The Government has accepted the recommendations and the DAC is considering setting up of IDMC. This Centre will be set up as an autonomous body under the DAC, which will initiate plans for its establishment. IDMC will have adequate operational flexibility and freedom in operation and functioning to enable innovative and creative experimentation. It will have on-line access to the data/information/reports of IMD, CWC, CGWB, MoA, MoES, ICAR, NRSA and DMC of State Governments. IDMC will help in selecting appropriate drought mitigation and preparedness measures and methodologies.
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